Journal of Law and Social Sciences - University of Turbat

A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BARRIERS FACED BY REFUGEE WOMEN IN ACCESSING DIGITAL ECONOMY FOR INCOME GENERATION IN QUETTA

Muhammad Atif — 2025-04-11

Digital technologies have transformed the conventional means of economic activities in every part of the world. Digital economy is important because it has extended the scope and speed of economic transactions and eased the process of commerce for marginalized communities. Due to its decentralized nature, digital economy has significant potential for the economic sustainability of refugee women if it is utilized properly. Refugee women in Quetta face multiple barriers to economic sustainability despite being well educated. This research highlighted structural, social, and political barriers that refugee women face in accessing digital economy. Data for this study was collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study included issues related to identification, socio-cultural barriers, financial constraints, and lack of mentorship and trainings. The findings of this research are a blueprint for alienated communities throughout the world and opens up the future research endeavors to explore the political and social implications of digitalization on refugee women.

The Representation of Women in Pakistani Advertisements

Aisha Said — 2025-04-11

The purpose of this study is to examine Pakistani advertisements that feature various poses and the availability of women. To meet the study's objectives, ten advertisements were collected and analyzed using Hall's (1997) theoretical framework. The study found that these Pakistani advertisements reinforce gender inequity and male dominance by portraying women as dependent on men. The findings also revealed that advertisements in Pakistan typically promote false images, physical attractiveness, family responsibilities, and sexual exploitation, limiting the portrayal of women and reinforcing negative gender stereotypes. Furthermore, the findings revealed an oppressive representation of female bodies in advertisements, which puts pressure on women to meet unrealistic physical standards and perpetuates harmful views on beauty. These misconceptions harm women's emotional and physical health, as well as their self-esteem. This study contributed to a better understanding of how the media influences social attitudes toward women's empowerment by highlighting harmful gender stereotypes and power imbalances that are reinforced by these visual representations.

A rank-order analysis of Psychometrics, Risk Perceptions, and Travel Behaviour among Selected Motorists in Lagos State, Nigeria

SUNDAY STEPHEN AJEMUNIGBOHUN — 2025-04-11

Psychometrics and risk perceptions influence motorists' travel modes. Driver conduct is crucial to calculating travel cost, distance, and time. Psychometrics, risk perception, and travel behaviour of Lagos State motorists were examined in this study. Using the survey approach cum the multiphase sampling techniques which comprised of quota and convenience, data were gathered through a structured questionnaire from the selected registered motorists. The sample size of two hundred and eighty-nine (289) was estimated. The data analytical techniques employed were descriptive statistics and Friedman rank test. The findings revealed rank test of psychometrics, risk perceptions, and travel behaviour of selected motorists in Lagos State. It is also established that risk perceptions metrics such as roads’ vulnerabilities, choices, trusts, and fears be quantity while the motorists are on the Lagos roads. Conclusively, the study ensure that motorists are conscious of their travel behaviour in terms of travel quality, costs, distance, modes, and times for effective transport systems. The study recommended that traffic authorities are advised to use psychometrics to detect high-risk drivers and train them for their psychological characteristics. The government should reward safe drivers, as indicated by psychometric evaluations, with public acknowledgement, lower insurance premiums, or other incentives.