Water as a Political tool and the need for cooperation: the IWT and its effects on Political relations between Pakistan and India

Abstract

Water is an essential resource that is crucial for the survival of all living beings. Its distribution and management have been a contentious issue between countries, especially in the case of India and Pakistan. The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed between the two nations in 1960, which divided the Indus River system between the two countries. This treaty, although successful in preventing any major water conflicts between the two nations, has also had its fair share of challenges and controversies.

The unequal distribution of water resources has had a significant impact on the political relations between India and Pakistan. The IWT has often been a source of tension between the two nations, with Pakistan accusing India of using water as a weapon to control their economy and agriculture. The construction of dams and other water diversion projects by India in the Indus River basin has been a constant point of disagreement between the two countries. This has led to mistrust and hostility, further complicating the already strained relationship between the two nations. Furthermore, the IWT has also been a barrier in the development of a more comprehensive and cooperative approach towards water management, as it limits the scope for joint and sustainable solutions. Overall, the unequal distribution of water resources has added to the already complex political dynamics between India and Pakistan, hindering any potential for resolution and cooperation.